Erg Chebbi Dunes, Merzouga, Moroccan Sahara in 4K (Ultra HD)

The Erg Chebbi Dunes in the Saharan desert, near Merzouga, Morocco. The Dunes at Sunrise and some views around Merzouga.

How the desert was formed

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation. About one-third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid. This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or "cold deserts". Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.

Deserts are formed by weathering processes as large variations in temperature between day and night put strains on the rocks which consequently break in pieces. Although rain seldom occurs in deserts, there are occasional downpours that can result in flash floods. Rain falling on hot rocks can cause them to shatter and the resulting fragments and rubble strewn over the desert floor are further eroded by the wind. This picks up particles of sand and dust and wafts them aloft in sand or dust storms. Wind-blown sand grains striking any solid object in their path can abrade the surface. Rocks are smoothed down, and the wind sorts sand into uniform deposits. The grains end up as level sheets of sand or are piled high in billowing sand dunes. Other deserts are flat, stony plains where all the fine material has been blown away and the surface consists of a mosaic of smooth stones. These areas are known as desert pavements and little further erosion takes place. Other desert features include rock outcrops, exposed bedrock, and clays once deposited by flowing water. Temporary lakes may form and salt pans may be left when waters evaporate.

Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment. Plants tend to be tough and wiry with small or no leaves, water-resistant cuticles and often spines to deter herbivory. Some annual plants germinate, bloom and die in the course of a few weeks after rainfall while other long-lived plants survive for years and have deep root systems able to tap underground moisture. Some animals remain in a state of dormancy for long periods, ready to become active again during the rare rainfall.

People have struggled to live in deserts and the surrounding semi-arid lands for millennia. The cultivation of semi-arid regions encourages erosion of soil and is one of the causes of increased desertification. However, Many trade routes have been forged across deserts, especially across the Sahara Desert, and traditionally were used by caravans of camels carrying salt, gold, ivory, and other goods and Some mineral extraction also takes place in deserts, and the uninterrupted sunlight gives the potential for the capture of large quantities of solar energy.

Desert

Desserts, like imaginations, are where most unusual things take shape. the desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

 

Desert tourism is blooming like deserts in spring, with ever more destinations, itineraries, and activities available from tour operators. Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.

Trade wind deserts occur either side of the horse latitudes at 30° to 35° North and South. These belts are associated with the subtropical anticyclone and the large-scale descent of dry air moving from high-altitudes toward the poles. The Sahara Desert is of this type. Mid-latitude deserts occur between 30° and 50° North and South. They are mostly in areas remote from the sea where most of the moisture has already precipitated from the prevailing winds. They occur in regions where large temperature differences occur between sea and land.

Beyond the cliché of sand, rock and grit that has made deserts a byword for desolation there are mountains, valleys and oases, settlements both long abandoned and thoroughly modern, fascinating societies and much rare wildlife. Considering the desert environment is pretty hostile to human existence - searing sun, minimal shade, lack of water and icy nights. In deserts we lamp, rough-camp, sandboard, stargaze, hike, ride quad bikes, ride camels, watch wildlife, toast the going down of the sun and stage festivals of cheerful abandon.

Greatest Desert

The desert is an arid, barren land with little vegetation. Essentially uninhabited in comparison to most other biomes, deserts make up roughly one-third of the planet’s land area. While the desert archetype may come to mind as sandy and sweltering, some of Earth’s deserts extend to the planet’s frozen poles. And There are 10 greatest deserts in the world that you should visit on your vacation. 

1. Gobi

Asia’s biggest desert, It such a one of the famous desert in the world where most visitors go. And it covering northern China and southern Mongolia may have plenty of sand and gravel but there are also mountains and evergreen forests and a dune system.

2. Sahara 

This is the world’s biggest desert, occupying much of North Africa including Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, and Algeria. Awesomely empty and hot as it is, humans have left their mark here over millennia.

3. Kalahari 

Spreading across parts of Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, the Kalahari enjoys an annual rainfall that sustains a great variety of plants and animals. After the rains, the vast Makgadikgadi Salt Pan is a superb place to see wildebeest and zebra, the predators that follow them, and migratory birds.

4. Namib

This is the desert that provides the visual shorthand for all deserts - the wind-sculpted, apricot-colored dunes of Sossusvlei that you can hike on as if they were downs. Spreading inland from the Atlantic coast across Namibia, this ocean of grit and sand is a popular diving destination, with the gravel roads flying like arrows to far horizons.

5. Atacama

 It is wonderful - pink flamingoes really did just fly overhead. They live on the salt flats and lakes of this desert in northern Chile renowned as the driest place on earth. The chi-chi frontier town of San Pedro de Atacama makes a fabulous base for exploring natural phenomena that also include the El Tatio geysers and the geological freakshow that is the Valley of the Moon. 

6. Thar 

Rajasthan of India - mostly within, the Thar is a patchwork of sand dunes, hills and gravel plains that sustains not just wildlife but a sizeable human population. There are camel and sunset dinners and longer excursions from the main desert towns of Jaisalmer and Jodhpur, which are among the most enchanting places on the Subcontinent.

  

7. Arabian 

This vast wilderness, where the heat comes out, blankets the Arabian Peninsula from Syria in the north to Yemen in the south. In the center is the ocean of dunes known as the Empty Quarter, one of the most forbidding tracts of wilderness in the world, were camping under the stars provides the ultimate desert experience.

8. Wadi Rum
This valley complex in southern Jordan is a mere fragment of the Arabian Desert, but what a fragment: multicolored sands, rampart-like rock formations, narrow canyons and vistas that seem to shape-shift with the arc of the sun. The Bedouin who live here run some outstanding tented camps and offer Jeep tours, camel and horse riding, and trekking.

9. Australia’s Red Centre

Uluru, the red plateau that rises from the fiery plain of the central Outback, is the physical and spiritual heart of Australia. It is part of an ancient desert landscape that is sacred as well as physical.

10. Sonoran 
There are any number of desert-scapes in the US but the Sonoran, with its characteristic, cartoon-like Saguaro cacti and late summer hummingbird influx, is particularly captivating. The desert takes its name from the Mexican state of Sonora and stretches up into Arizona and California.

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